Around 1.1 billion years ago, North America began to split apart and created the Lake Superior basin. Lava began to spill into this basin, creating the beautiful exposed bedrock along the North Shore of Minnesota. As this lava cooled quickly, the rising air bubbles within it became trapped. Over millions of years, water interacted with these void spaces depositing quartz, iron, and other minerals in various layers. These layers resulted in the “banding” that agates are famous for. During the millions of years of glaciation in and around the Lake Superior basin, these agates were plucked from the bedrock they were trapped in. As the glaciers advanced and retreated, they brought these agates with them. This is why you can find agates from the shores of Lake Superior all the way down to Iowa! The Lake Superior agate is thought to be one of the oldest kinds of agate in the world.
Agates show up in hundreds of different varieties based on the conditions set in place during their formation. They also get their color from the impurities found in the water solutions that were transported in the beginning stages. The reason that Lake Superior agates are most often colored with red, brown, yellow, or gray impurities is because the region is extremely iron-rich. However, Lake Superior is not the only place where agates can be found. In fact, they can be found in thousands of locations on every continent!